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    <lastmod>2026-05-28</lastmod>
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    <loc>https://www.stephentarnowski.com/blog/mdw-2026-bosque-del-apache-nwr-and-more</loc>
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    <lastmod>2026-05-28</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>You know you’ve found some wetlands when you see this guy: the Red-winged Blackbird! This one was bold displaying just a few feet off the boardwalk!</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>We were also treated to this group of American White Pelicans at the Marsh Boardwalk early one morning. Magnificent!</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>My friend Kurt Hillman captured a great portrait of a Western Cattle Egret earlier this year, so when this one was strutting its stuff around the refuge, I was inspired to do the same. These funky egrets scream CREAMSICLE to me in their breeding plumage with their orange accents.</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>We encountered a pair of these crazy looking lizards near the Visitor Center: Greater Earless Lizards! I couldn’t remember seeing these before so I looked them up - they are the only species in their genus Cophosaurus. The black bars on the sides of this guy and his bright colors indicate this is the male of the pair.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Another animal we were surprised to see on the refuge was elk! We saw five over our three day weekend. In Colorado, the elk are altitudinal migrants who have moved up to cooler forests in the mountains this time of year. This was the best look we got - Emilee our elk expert thought this guy was looking healthy and happy.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This Sunday, we were already having a fun hike with lots of bird activity when we heard a rising buzzy song - vvvrrrrrrrrzzzzzeeettt! “Northern Parula?” we looked at each other excitedly and opened Merlin to confirm. Merlin also reported Northern Parula! Not a bird we were expecting to find here - this is one of the Eastern Warbler species but probably more common in central New Mexico than at home in the Four Corners. After following the song we did get eyes on the bird - a beautiful little thing! It seemed to stick to the cottonwood trees in this canyon as we watched it move between a few different ones, mostly hidden behind a screen of leaves.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more</image:title>
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    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Emilee took this photo as we got into Albuquerque - this was fairly representative of the driving conditions for this part of the drive. We were lucky that visibility never got truly dangerous - later we read that in some areas there were accidents due to limited visibility!</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>I took this photo of a Fork-tailed Flycatcher in a field in the Cayo District in Belize in 2023.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - MDW 2026: Bosque del Apache and more</image:title>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.stephentarnowski.com/blog/mesa-verde-national-park-the-knife-edge-trail</loc>
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    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-05-18</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Views from the Knife Edge trail back towards Point Lookout</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Knife Edge trail sign at the trailhead gives a good overview of the entire area. The Prater Ridge Loop is also a fun outing - much longer and some elevation gain involved to the top of the mesa. The Point Lookout trail is a little bit of a suffer fest of mostly switchbacks with only a short hike on top.</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Green-tailed Towhee - a great looking sparrow! I took this photo on a tour for the Ute Mountain Mesa Verde bird festival in 2024.</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/d86fb214-4c00-4371-b4c3-445e703e69a1/_5160094.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Spotted Towhee - also a very sharp looking bird! It is more common in our area than the Green-tailed Towhee.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail</image:title>
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    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Virginia’s Warbler - very cute! I took this photo on the Point Lookout trail on the other side of the campground</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/560056b1-5e29-435f-9a1b-c1e8963f8d57/_5160067-2.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>We also got a nice look at another small gray bird today - the Bushtit! A lot of personality in a small package. These tiny birds give frequent tinkling and buzzing vocalizations but rarely pose for a photo</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/7efad854-bc19-4b3c-a969-16a99d4e91e1/IMG_7830.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>The tall pines ahead are a rare feature these days in the park with so much of it recently burned. I don’t know the history of this area well enough to know, but due to the mix of living and dead trees I suspect this patch also burned but at a lower intensity due to the shade and moisture boost from its Northern aspect. These trees always seem to hold a few unique species for the day. In particular, they seem to be a good spot for Western Tanagers. Today we also heard a singing Hermit Thrush in there.</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/12f0a125-c122-4969-9202-dca24c4381a7/_5160143-2.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>We had a close observation of this female Western Tanager today who came down to the shrubs below the tall pines.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Black-throated Gray Warbler. We also heard the scratchy songs of this warbler, who is also a local breeder. These birds live on juniper and oak hillsides and Mesa Verde is a good place to find them.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Mesa Verde National Park: the Knife Edge Trail - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This rockslide buried the trail! I was glad to be able to hike as far as we did as we got about 80% of the way around and traversed through all the major habitat features.</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.stephentarnowski.com/blog/santa-fe-in-spring</loc>
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    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-04-29</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Randall Davey Audubon Center</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This drab gray coloration is shared by a few of the pinyon / juniper specialists (Gray Vireo, Gray Flycatcher, and also some more generalist birds like Bushtits who live in this habitat). Juniper Titmouse is by far the best singer of the bunch.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>We had luck on our side as this Grace’s Warbler plopped down onto this low branch of a ponderosa pine just a few yards off the trail!</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>We got to observe it at close range as it sang its heart out. Even though we would hear this song throughout the rest of our hike, this was the only bird we saw of about 10 we reported.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>We even watched it preen away that pesky stray feather on its left flank</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>What a stunner!</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This Red-breasted Nuthatch was a fun highlight. On both days we had nuthatch ‘grand slams’ (observing all 3 nuthatch species: White-breasted, Red-breasted and Pygmy Nuthatches). They are all rather vocal and seem to defy gravity the way they move around tree trunks and branches. The Red-breasted Nuthatch has the most nasal call of the bunch: a nasal knaa knaa</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/4135e270-2a52-4fa4-a948-fac427e56b9a/IMG_7733.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Along the trail we saw and heard many woodpecker species and signs of woodpecker activity. We are not sure who excavated these holes but they were huge!</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/39a18e9a-310c-4134-a0ad-8fa161fa409e/_4260420-2.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Perhaps THE stand-out bird on our hike was this American Three-toed Woodpecker. We found it excavating a nest cavity which made for a neat and extended observation. These birds primarily live in the spruce forests of Canada, but they also come down into the Rocky Mountains at higher elevations where there are similar forests. We don’t see a ton of these birds - usually only seasonally when we can get into the higher elevation habitats. It is the only woodpecker in the Four Corners where male has a yellow crown - the males of most other woodpecker species have a red crown.</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/fa024351-31d9-4d4f-886c-a74ce8456b33/_4260383-3.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>In this photo you can see that this woodpecker indeed has three toes on each foot. Most woodpeckers have four toes - two pointed forward and two backward! Woodpeckers also use their stiff tail feathers for support against trees. I think that must be especially true for these guys with all their toes pointing the same direction. I tried to read more about their unusual toe arrangement but it appears we don’t fully understand why this species and its close relative the Black-backed Woodpecker only have three toes.</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/2d59c99a-d475-4910-b049-654e93fc99ed/_4261262.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>It was cool to see this guy working on his nest hole. There were so many birds along the trail, we did not make it very far! After about an hour and a half we turned around, having only made it a few miles of the 5 mile loop.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Santa Fe in Spring</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.stephentarnowski.com/blog/talking-birding-and-the-durango-bird-club-on-kdur-durango</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-04-15</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Blog - Talking Birding and the Durango Bird Club on Common Air - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Lisa and I in the recording studio in the Media Center at Fort Lewis College</image:caption>
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  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.stephentarnowski.com/blog/monte-vista-crane-festival</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-04-15</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Blog - 2026 Monte Vista Crane Festival - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>One of my first photographs of Sandhill Cranes from our January 2020 trip to Bosque del Apache</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/30f75a45-0ef4-4637-8a7a-f6dd10e6b3a7/_3071610-2.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - 2026 Monte Vista Crane Festival - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Sandhill Cranes dancing, bugling, and flying with the snow-capped Sangre de Cristo mountains in the background - a great representation of the whole experience</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/62d17b84-b07c-4dec-88eb-a130c9b00c00/_3071591-2.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - 2026 Monte Vista Crane Festival - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>This ended up being my favorite image of the trip: Sandhill Cranes form a new peak on the skyline of the Blanca Massif</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/6edc885b-186e-4feb-b680-86ea231320d4/_3071509-2.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - 2026 Monte Vista Crane Festival - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>And finally, the picture I had in mind all along: Sandhill Cranes fly against the Sangre de Cristo mountains covered in snow</image:caption>
    </image:image>
  </url>
  <url>
    <loc>https://www.stephentarnowski.com/blog/chicago-the-gull-frolic</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-04-15</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/a2c94c6c-5943-422c-9b38-d67cb97d209f/P2250394.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>One of the more interesting assortments of gulls we have had at Farmington Lake. February 2023 this first winter Glaucous Gull (the big white one) in center was the star of the show - a rare visitor from the far North. Also present are California Gulls, Ring-billed Gulls and the very dark birds center-left, Lesser Black-backed Gulls. The second bird from the left facing left with the black bill and ‘checkerboard’ pattern on its back is a first winter bird - I think a Lesser Black-backed Gull.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>My 2025 winter documentation shot of the '“Calico Gull” at Farmington Lake - this unique bird is famous, making an appearance in the “Aberrations” section of the Gull Guide. Photographs of what is almost certainly the same bird date back to 2013 or so as far away as Nova Scotia.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Emilee loved the Snowy Owl so much she got a stuffed animal Snowy Owl as a memento</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>One of my better comparison photos from the frolic: the left bird is a ‘white winger’ - an Iceland Gull. The limited black in the wingtip (the white wing) is a trait that the spotters could pick out in a large mixed flock of gulls whirling around. The Herring Gull on the right has more individual primary feathers with black tips, and the black is a true black. Iceland gull’s dark tips vary in darkness from white to dark gray depending on which subspecies it belongs to. This one I believe was in the range for Kumlien’s type, which reportedly breeds in North Atlantic Canada. We had never seen this type before so it was very cool to study them at fairly close range (and it was unbelievably helpful to have the spotters call out their location within the whirling gull flock: “flying left, banking, flying away…)</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Another Kumlien’s type Iceland gull shot - very limited dark tips. And look at those bubblegum pink legs! One interesting thing was that the adult Iceland gulls we saw overwhemingly had light eyes. Thayer’s type, which we see one or two of each winter, more commonly have dark eyes.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>One more Kumlien’s Iceland Gull for good measure</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic</image:title>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/69bf472bbf7771506fab4b25/708ba63c-6c7a-4583-94e3-43c02b7f61af/_2140841.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Look at those talons! You can see here this bird is a banded bird. I reported it to the Bird Banding database and hope to learn more about it!</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Chicago: The Gull Frolic - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Majestic!</image:caption>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.stephentarnowski.com/blog/thanksgiving-in-the-chiricahuas</loc>
    <changefreq>monthly</changefreq>
    <priority>0.5</priority>
    <lastmod>2026-04-15</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Blog - Thanksgiving in the Chiricahuas - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Our view as we arrived into Cave Creek Canyon in the evening- known as the “most scenic canyon in Arizona”, or “Arizona’s Yosemite”. Spectacular! My cameras were buried in the trunk, so this shot was taken with my cell phone</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Thanksgiving in the Chiricahuas</image:title>
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      <image:caption>It was cold in the deep, shady, North-facing canyon!</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Thanksgiving in the Chiricahuas</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Thanksgiving in the Chiricahuas - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>One of my favorite Arizona specialty birds - the Bridled Titmouse</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Thanksgiving in the Chiricahuas</image:title>
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      <image:title>Blog - Thanksgiving in the Chiricahuas - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Coatimundi, a relative of the raccoon, is another beautiful and charismatic animal living in the Sky Islands. This one had a pretty good thing going making early morning visits to the feeder setup at Cave Creek Ranch.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Thanksgiving in the Chiricahuas - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Mexican Chickadee with a view of its extensive black throat - the main field mark for distinguishing it from Black-capped Chickadee</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Blog - Thanksgiving in the Chiricahuas</image:title>
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